{"id":365,"date":"2021-02-09T12:46:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-09T12:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pivot.jybe.fr\/?p=365"},"modified":"2021-06-15T07:11:16","modified_gmt":"2021-06-15T07:11:16","slug":"quelle-place-pour-lingenieur-de-demain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/quelle-place-pour-lingenieur-de-demain\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle place pour l&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur de demain ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Engineer, a term to be defined<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Ing\u00e9nieur&nbsp;: Personne dont les connaissances rendent apte \u00e0 occuper des fonctions scientifiques ou techniques actives en vue de pr\u00e9voir, cr\u00e9er, organiser, diriger, contr\u00f4ler les travaux qui en d\u00e9coulent, ainsi qu&#8217;\u00e0 y tenir un r\u00f4le de cadre.<\/p><p>Titre donn\u00e9 \u00e0 quelqu&#8217;un qui a accompli certaines \u00e9tudes et a obtenu un dipl\u00f4me en vue de l&#8217;exercice de ce m\u00e9tier.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>I thought it would be interesting to begin this reflection with the definition of an engineer as it appears in the Larousse dictionary. Inspired by history, this very broad description of the engineer's profession seems to me to be hollow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/pivot.jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-640x427.jpg 640w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-960x640.jpg 960w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-1280x853.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-1680x1120.jpg 1680w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/pisit-heng-FQvadXmA524-unsplash-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>De tout temps, l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie a exist\u00e9. En effet, les grandes constructions de l&#8217;\u00c9gypte antique nous prouvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 qu&#8217;une forme de savoir et d&#8217;organisation existaient dans les travaux entrepris. Plus tard, dans la Gr\u00e8ce antique, d\u2019autres \u00e9tudiaient le monde et construisaient des machines pour le modeler. Ces hommes, appel\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement savants, n\u2019ont alors pas encore le titre d&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur. N\u00e9anmoins, leurs fonctions se rapprochent de la d\u00e9finition cit\u00e9e ci-dessus. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, un ing\u00e9nieur est une personne qui d\u00e9tient le savoir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce n&#8217;est que bien plus tard, dans les ann\u00e9es 1750, que le titre d&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur va appara\u00eetre. Il d\u00e9signera alors ceux qui exercent dans le secteur militaire&nbsp;: armement ou reconstruction des villes. En France, ce terme va \u00e9voluer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nos jours pour devenir celui cit\u00e9 en introduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/pivot.jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-640x427.jpg 640w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-960x640.jpg 960w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-1280x853.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-1680x1120.jpg 1680w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/thisisengineering-raeng-M_NvKwSOkug-unsplash-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Je pense qu&#8217;il est important de rappeler que cette d\u00e9finition ne s\u2019applique qu&#8217;en France. Dans le monde anglo-saxon, par exemple, le terme \u2018engineer\u2019 d\u00e9signe plut\u00f4t un technicien. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9 il n&#8217;y a pas de titre d&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur il y a plut\u00f4t un niveau d&#8217;\u00e9tudes reconnu. Cela a toute son importance ici car il d\u00e9note de l\u2019importance sociale qu\u2019a l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise. En effet, un ing\u00e9nieur est syst\u00e9matiquement cadre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que les pr\u00e9sentations sont faites, rentrons dans le vif du sujet. Apr\u00e8s 5 ans d&#8217;\u00e9tudes d\u2019ing\u00e9nieur je devrais \u00eatre capable de donner une d\u00e9finition du m\u00e9tier auquel celles-ci m\u2019ont form\u00e9. N\u00e9anmoins, lorsqu\u2019on m\u2019interpellait hier <em>'We don't know what it means to be an engineer anyway'<\/em> I found it difficult to answer. A baker makes bread, a mechanic repairs cars, but an engineer, today, we don't know what he does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ensuite, j\u2019ai consult\u00e9 le dictionnaire pour essayer d\u2019y voir plus clair. M\u00eame si la d\u00e9finition a beaucoup \u00e9volu\u00e9 au cours du temps, l&#8217;actuelle ne me convient toujours pas. Je la trouve trop restreinte et anachronique. Essayons donc de trouver une alternative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">Un ing\u00e9nieur, qu&#8217;est-ce que \u00e7a fait ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord, apr\u00e8s 5 ans \u00e0 user les bancs de l\u2019\u00e9cole, je peux dire que l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve-ing\u00e9nieur apprend beaucoup de choses&#8230; H\u00e9ritage historique et n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, l&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur a besoin de ma\u00eetriser les techniques et th\u00e9ories qui lui permettront de r\u00e9soudre les d\u00e9fis qui lui font face. La r\u00e9ponse qu\u2019il apporte est d\u00e9j\u00e0 th\u00e9orique, puis elle n\u00e9cessite une mise en application concr\u00e8te. Ainsi, durant les diff\u00e9rentes phases de vie du projet, son travail g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement se r\u00e9sume au d\u00e9veloppement : d\u00e9veloppement technologique, d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, d\u00e9veloppement organisationnel, d\u00e9veloppement humain. Bien souvent, la mission qui lui est confi\u00e9e permet la croissance \u00e9conomique de l\u2019entreprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But in a world where this growth is being challenged, <strong>does the engineer still have a place in society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/pivot.jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-960x720.jpg 960w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-1280x960.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-1680x1260.jpg 1680w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/eduardo-sanchez-qhcLc3k-fCI-unsplash-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">Growth &amp; Degrowth<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In economics, <strong>la croissance d\u00e9signe l&#8217;\u00e9volution du PIB<\/strong> d&#8217;une ann\u00e9e sur l&#8217;autre. D&#8217;une mani\u00e8re plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, elle correspond, pour une nation, \u00e0 une augmentation soutenue et durable de la production de biens et de services appr\u00e9hend\u00e9s par des indicateurs comme le PIB. Le PIB lui mesure la production totale de biens et services r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur d&#8217;un pays pendant une p\u00e9riode donn\u00e9e. Ces 2 notions sont <strong>tr\u00e8s importantes car elles repr\u00e9sentent un \u00e9tat des lieux de la sant\u00e9 \u00e9conomique d&#8217;un pays.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 de \u00e7a, Le PIB est corr\u00e9l\u00e9 avec les ressources d&#8217;un pays. En effet si cette notion mesure la production de richesses, il faut alors aussi prendre en compte <strong>the resources drawn down.<\/strong> These resources, of many forms, are finite at the time scales that are those of a human. For example, the share of GDP produced by the petrochemical industry is related to the oil resource present in the world; a resource that is reaching its limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Here we arrive at a paradox:<\/strong> In a finite world, where natural resources are present in finite quantities, our economy is made to tend towards infinite growth. In reality, since our resources are finite, then, <strong>growth is too.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aujourd&#8217;hui, et face \u00e0 la rar\u00e9faction des ressources naturelles, <strong>some economists imagine degrowth as an economic future.<\/strong> In other words, the future would not be played out on technological overkill to preserve natural resources, but rather on technological degrowth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">L&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur de demain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e9j\u00e0, je pense qu&#8217;il ne sera plus un outil au d\u00e9veloppement technologique <strong>but rather to the transition that awaits us.<\/strong> En effet, un des grands dilemmes de demain est d&#8217;assurer une transition technologique, \u00e9conomique et sociale qui ne soit pas synonyme de r\u00e9gression. En caricaturant le trait, cela signifie repenser la fa\u00e7on dont nous consommons, mettre l&#8217;environnement au centre des d\u00e9bats et donc utiliser et d\u00e9velopper la technologie d&#8217;une autre fa\u00e7on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The engineer of tomorrow will be more than ever included in society and in the way it is rethought. I think he will have to \"get out of his office\". He will no longer act for the benefit of a company but for a greater purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">The responsibility of schools<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C&#8217;est dans ce contexte que les \u00e9coles doivent former des ing\u00e9nieurs. La charge est lourde et l&#8217;enjeu est grand. Certaines ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 un changement dans leur cursus p\u00e9dagogique. Quelques-unes ouvrent des cursus Low tech dans leur formation, d&#8217;autres se contentent d&#8217;une formation responsabilit\u00e9 sociale environnement et tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cemment, une \u00e9cole d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 la low tech va ouvrir ses portes : la LowTech Skol<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That being said, I find these efforts still insufficient to grasp the world of tomorrow. Indeed, how can schools that base their curriculum on a biased market situation have strong ecological ambitions, in line with global environmental objectives?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, si l&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur de demain doit s&#8217;inscrire dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, alors, tout comme avec les sciences, il se doit de la comprendre avant toute chose. Les \u00e9coles devraient alors aussi int\u00e9grer \u00e0 leur cursus p\u00e9dagogique des formations sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, son fonctionnement, sur l&#8217;\u00e9conomie et sur l\u2019anthropologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/pivot.jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-640x427.jpg 640w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-1280x853.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-1680x1120.jpg 1680w, https:\/\/jybe.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/green-chameleon-s9CC2SKySJM-unsplash-1-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">The responsibility of the students<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, je me dois de terminer cet article en parlant des \u00e9tudiants. Ce sont eux qui doivent d\u00e9finir l&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur de demain. Ce seront \u00e0 eux de construire le monde le futur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On my side, I managed to find my definition of the job: <em>Person who questions the world around him and reinvents it<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Much simpler than the Larousse definition, isn't it?<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ing\u00e9nieur, un terme \u00e0 d\u00e9finir Ing\u00e9nieur&nbsp;: Personne dont les connaissances rendent apte \u00e0 occuper des fonctions scientifiques ou techniques actives en vue de pr\u00e9voir, cr\u00e9er, organiser, diriger, contr\u00f4ler les travaux qui en d\u00e9coulent, ainsi qu&#8217;\u00e0 y tenir un r\u00f4le de cadre. Titre donn\u00e9 \u00e0 quelqu&#8217;un qui a accompli certaines \u00e9tudes et a obtenu un dipl\u00f4me [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societe","blog-item","isotope-item"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=365"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":518,"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365\/revisions\/518"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jybe.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}